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Interactive Literature MCQs

▶ Page 94 - Traherne and Caroline Prose (Part 1)

Q1. Which slightly younger writer's manuscripts were lost to sight for nearly two hundred years after his death?
Q2. When were Thomas Traherne's 'Poems' finally published?
Q3. Besides being a great religious/metaphysical poet, what did Traherne's 'Centuries of Meditations' (1908) show?
Q4. Which eloquent divine wrote the acknowledged religious prose classics 'Holy Living' and 'Holy Dying'?
Q5. Which Puritan wrote the classic 'The Saints' Everlasting Rest'?
Q6. Which quaint, witty, and vivacious divine is best remembered today for his delightful miscellaneous 'Worthies of England'?
Q7. What was the profession of Sir Thomas Browne, author of books full of varied and curious erudition?
Q8. What is Sir Thomas Browne's main title to fame (his personal confession of religious faith)?
Q9. Who wrote 'The Compleat Angler, or the Contemplative Man's Recreation'?
Q10. Why has 'The Compleat Angler' been popular with countless readers who care nothing for fishing?

▶ Page 95 - Caroline Prose (Part 2) & History

Q1. Who occupies the first place in history writing of this period with his 'History of the Great Rebellion'?
Q2. Why is Clarendon's 'History of the Great Rebellion' considered untrustworthy?
Q3. Despite its bias, why is Clarendon's history justly admired?
Q4. Who wrote 'Leviathan', the most important political treatise inspired by the unrest of the time?
Q5. What does Thomas Hobbes advocate for in 'Leviathan'?
Q6. Speaking generally of the prose writers of this time (including Milton), what is true of their style?
Q7. Which author's charming Essays have a great deal in common with the simpler and clearer way of writing that the Age of Dryden would soon introduce?
Q8. Where can the Table of the Literature of the Age of Milton be found in the book?
Q9. According to the footnote, what is the origin of the term 'Caroline'?
Q10. Which era was about to introduce a simpler and clearer way of prose writing?

▶ Page 96 - The Age of Dryden

Q1. What period does 'The Age of Dryden' cover?
Q2. What event brought an immense change in the general temper of the English people, starting this new age?
Q3. The Stuart Restoration was followed by a sweeping reaction against what?
Q4. Because of this reaction, what was too often cast aside along with religious fanaticism?
Q5. How does the author describe the court of Charles II?
Q6. What became fashionable during the Age of Dryden?
Q7. What happened to the moral ideals of Puritanism during this time?
Q8. Did this spirit of corruption remain only within the narrow circle of court and aristocracy?
Q9. What great principle of interpretation does this era perfectly illustrate?
Q10. Based on these social conditions, what can be anticipated about the literature of the Age of Dryden?

▶ Page 97 - The Restoration and French Influence

Q1. During the Restoration, what happened to poetry?
Q2. Instead of exploring fairyland or mysteries like Spenser and Milton, what did poets of this era use their verse for?
Q3. The era of what began during this time, illustrating the changed mood?
Q4. Which country exerted a direct and powerful influence on English literature during the Restoration?
Q5. Contemporary French literature (the arbiter of taste) was characterized by what?
Q6. French literature was essentially the literature of what?
Q7. What was the inevitable result of cultivating the principles of regularity, order, and good sense at the expense of feeling and spontaneity?
Q8. What significant fact is stated regarding the men of the Restoration and English prose?
Q9. How is the literature of the Restoration period described compared to earlier eras?
Q10. Who has been called 'the greatest man of a little age' and was the one complete representative of this epoch?

▶ Page 98 - Waller, Denham, and Dryden's Early Life

Q1. Which two writers are commonly considered the pioneers of the 'classic' school of poetry and the forerunners of Dryden?
Q2. What were Waller and Denham leaders of?
Q3. On what side mainly do Waller and Denham possess historical importance?
Q4. What did Dryden praise Edmund Waller for teaching?
Q5. What was Waller's principal claim to distinction?
Q6. What is the rule of the 'classic' or 'closed' heroic couplet?
Q7. Did Waller actually invent the closed couplet?
Q8. In whose hands did the classic couplet first assume perfection?
Q9. What descriptive poem is Sir John Denham chiefly remembered for?
Q10. In what year was John Dryden born?

▶ Page 99 - Dryden's Career

Q1. Dryden's early poems 'Heroic Stanzas on the Death of Oliver Cromwell' (1659) and 'Astraea Redux' indicate what?
Q2. Why did Dryden begin working for the stage in 1663?
Q3. In what year was John Dryden made Poet Laureate?
Q4. What great verse satire did Dryden publish in 1681?
Q5. Which theological poem was an elaborate argument in favor of Roman Catholicism, to which he had converted?
Q6. Because of his change of religion, what happened to Dryden after the Revolution of 1688?
Q7. What volume of paraphrases from Homer, Ovid, Boccaccio, and Chaucer did Dryden publish in 1699, shortly before his death?
Q8. How did Dryden develop as a poet?
Q9. Who greatly influenced Dryden in his youth, causing his early works to abound in characteristic absurdities of the metaphysical school?
Q10. What poem about the war with Holland and the Fire of London still indulges in fantastic conceits (like the Deity putting out the fire with a crystal pyramid)?

▶ Page 100 - Dryden's Masterpieces

Q1. Where do we turn to see the full exhibition of Dryden's powers and complete emancipation from false metaphysical taste?
Q2. Dryden's mature work marks the definite establishment of what in England?
Q3. Against whom was 'Absalom and Achitophel' written to defend the King's policy?
Q4. Under what name is the Earl of Shaftesbury satirized in 'Absalom and Achitophel'?
Q5. Which poem is a scathing personal attack on his former friend Thomas Shadwell?
Q6. How are the two great doctrinal poems ('Religio Laici' and 'The Hind and the Panther') described?
Q7. What did Dryden's mental flexibility and agility give him remarkable power as?
Q8. Written under the increasing burden of age and ill-health, what do Dryden's 'Fables' show?
Q9. Which of the 'Fables' provides an instructive comparison between the methods of the 14th and 17th centuries, based on Chaucer's Knight's Tale?
Q10. What is Dryden's poetry generally wanting (lacking) in?

▶ Page 101 - Dryden's Style and Samuel Butler

Q1. Though lacking spiritual glow, what is Dryden's poetry characterized by?
Q2. In what two fields does Dryden still hold his own as our greatest master?
Q3. Whose influence and example lifted the classic couplet into the place it was to occupy for many years as the accepted measure of serious English poetry?
Q4. With which poem did Dryden make his final choice of the regular couplet, proving its capabilities and assuring its success?
Q5. Who is the author of the famous satirical work 'Hudibras' (published 1663-1678)?
Q6. What is 'Hudibras' a satire on?
Q7. How did 'Hudibras' affect the general reaction against the 'saints' (Puritans)?
Q8. Upon what Spanish burlesque romance is the machinery of 'Hudibras' obviously fashioned?
Q9. How is the central figure, the Presbyterian Sir Hudibras, described?
Q10. How is Hudibras's attendant, Ralpho, described?

▶ Page 102 - Hudibras (Continued)

Q1. How is the remainder of 'Hudibras' structured after the second part?
Q2. According to modern taste, what is a primary fault of 'Hudibras'?
Q3. What is a serious disadvantage of 'Hudibras' for the modern reader?
Q4. Despite its flaws, what positive qualities does 'Hudibras' possess?
Q5. What was Samuel Butler's intention with 'Hudibras'?
Q6. How did King Charles II react to 'Hudibras'?
Q7. Is Butler's picture of Puritanism considered complete and final by historians?
Q8. According to the footnote, what does the epithet 'heroic' denote in 'heroic couplet'?
Q9. Which of the following is an example of an iambic pentameter line provided in the footnote?
Q10. What is the 'Gondibert' stanza (mentioned in a footnote)?

▶ Page 103 - The Rise of Modern Prose

Q1. According to Matthew Arnold, what does the Restoration mark the real moment of birth for?
Q2. From the historical point of view, what is the greatest single fact in the literary annals of the Age of Dryden?
Q3. How does modern English prose break with the style of the times preceding it (like Milton's prose)?
Q4. When reading a page out of Milton's Areopagitica compared to Dryden or Defoe, what is instinctively thought about Milton's style?
Q5. How is the older prose of men like Hooker, Milton, and Clarendon described?
Q6. What was a common structural feature of the older prose that the new prose cleared away?
Q7. What was the result of clearing away the large straggling masses and classical inversions in the new prose?
Q8. What was one of the causes that combined to introduce this new prose?
Q9. What influence did science have on the development of the new prose?
Q10. In spite of superficial differences, what did English prose become after the Restoration?

▶ Page 104 - Influences on Modern Prose and Dryden's Role

Q1. How did the changing nature of the reading public influence the new prose?
Q2. In an age of unceasing political and religious excitement, what sort of evanescent literature saw an immense development?
Q3. Because the general reader and the ready writer appeared together, what happened to subjects that were formerly treated in a dry, pedantic way?
Q4. Which European country's literature provided the exact model English writers needed for clear, flexible prose?
Q5. Was the establishment of the new prose sudden and the work of one man?
Q6. Who has a special claim on our attention as the first of our really great prose writers in the modern style?
Q7. Apart from hack-work, what do Dryden's prose writings mainly consist of?
Q8. Just as the Restoration saw the rise of new prose, it also saw the real beginnings of what in England?
Q9. What does the growth of criticism and the tendency to check production by line and rule illustrate about the age?
Q10. Besides being our first great modern prose writer, what else is Dryden considered?

▶ Page 105 - Dryden's Criticism

Q1. Dryden's critical work is of capital importance as a commentary upon the tastes and ideals of what rising school of literature?
Q2. Where is Dryden's best criticism generally found?
Q3. What is the title of the earliest and most masterly of all of Dryden's critical writings?
Q4. Which of the following is NOT one of the three chief types of drama considered in the 'Essay of Dramatic Poesy'?
Q5. What dramatic technique does Dryden undertake to justify the use of in his 'Essay of Dramatic Poesy'?
Q6. From whose censure does Dryden attempt to 'vindicate the honour of our English writers'?
Q7. Why does a good deal of Dryden's criticism have but slight permanent value today?
Q8. Despite his carelessness, what are we seldom fail to be struck by when reading Dryden's criticism?
Q9. How is Dryden's prose style characterized?
Q10. Did Dryden's colloquial ease cause his prose to descend to the level of the slipshod or commonplace?

▶ Page 106 - John Bunyan (Part 1)

Q1. Who is the only other really great name in the prose literature of Dryden's age?
Q2. What trade did John Bunyan follow (the same as his father)?
Q3. Why was Bunyan committed to Bedford jail for twelve years?
Q4. Which of Bunyan's works is an autobiographical account written during his twelve-year captivity?
Q5. During what event was the first part of 'The Pilgrim's Progress' (1678) written?
Q6. Which of the following is NOT one of Bunyan's four great works?
Q7. What gave Bunyan a place almost by himself in an unimaginative age?
Q8. Bunyan is the only man in our literature who has ever succeeded in doing what?
Q9. What was Bunyan's educational background?
Q10. Though uneducated, what did Bunyan have by heart, which gave him a genius for style?

▶ Page 107 - Bunyan and The Diarists

Q1. If asked to name the greatest product of Puritanism in English literature, what does the text argue the choice should fall on?
Q2. Why is 'The Pilgrim's Progress' regarded as a forerunner of the modern novel despite its allegorical form and didactic purpose?
Q3. Which prose writer is best known through his relations with Jonathan Swift?
Q4. Who abandoned the older tradition of the pulpit and introduced the new, simpler prose style into religious oratory?
Q5. Which philosopher distinctly showed the great value of the new prose in philosophic exposition (e.g., Essay on the Human Understanding)?
Q6. Who are the two famous diarists that provide the most interesting minor prose writing of the time for the general reader?
Q7. How is John Evelyn's Diary mainly read today?
Q8. How long does Samuel Pepys's Diary cover before his eyesight gave out?
Q9. What major historical events are recorded in Pepys's Diary?
Q10. Why is Pepys's Diary unique as a revelation of character from the inside?

▶ Page 108 - Drama of the Age of Dryden

Q1. The theatre of the Age of Dryden was almost wholly the creature of what?
Q2. Who is considered the most brilliant writer of the 'Comedy of the Restoration' group?
Q3. How is the Comedy of the Restoration characterized?
Q4. Whose 'Short View of the Profaneness and Immorality of the English Stage' (1698) gave the gross comedy a tremendous castigation?
Q5. Though tragedy kept free from the profligacy of comedy during this era, it was equally what?
Q6. What was the most popular form of tragedy for a time, depicting love and courage on a gigantic, bombastic scale?
Q7. What metrical form displaced blank verse in these Heroic plays?
Q8. Who was the principal master of the Heroic Drama form (e.g., 'Tyrannic Love', 'Conquest of Granada')?
Q9. In his play 'All for Love' (based on Antony and Cleopatra), what did Dryden revert to?
Q10. William Congreve's one tragedy, 'The Mourning Bride' (1697), is fashioned faithfully upon what model?

▶ Page 109 - Later Dramatists & Table of Events (Part 1)

Q1. Which tragic poet of this period wrote 'The Orphan' and 'Venice Preserved', keeping long popularity?
Q2. According to the Table, what major political event happened in 1625?
Q3. In what year did John Fletcher and Francis Bacon both die (according to the table)?
Q4. In what year was John Dryden born?
Q5. When were the English theatres closed by the Puritans?
Q6. What famous prose work did Milton publish in 1644?
Q7. When was Charles I executed, leading to the Commonwealth?
Q8. Who published 'Noble Numbers' and 'Hesperides' in 1648?
Q9. What famous philosophical text did Sir Thomas Browne publish in 1642?
Q10. In what year did Ben Jonson die?

▶ Page 110 - Table of Events (Part 2)

Q1. In what year did Oliver Cromwell die?
Q2. In what year did Charles II take the throne (The Restoration)?
Q3. What major cultural event regarding drama also occurred in 1660?
Q4. When did Samuel Pepys begin his famous Diary?
Q5. When was the Great Fire of London?
Q6. Which of Dryden's poems, published in 1667, is related to the Great Fire?
Q7. What monumental epic poem was published in 1667 by John Milton?
Q8. What famous prose work did Izaak Walton publish in 1653?
Q9. In what year was Jonathan Swift born?
Q10. What was Dryden's first play, performed in 1663?

▶ Page 111 - Table of Events (Part 3)

Q1. In what year did John Milton die?
Q2. What two works did Milton publish together in 1671?
Q3. In what year was Part I of Bunyan's 'The Pilgrim's Progress' published?
Q4. What is the title of Dryden's great verse satire published in 1681?
Q5. When did the 'Revolution' (The Glorious Revolution) occur, bringing William III and Mary to the throne?
Q6. Which two significant authors died in the year 1688?
Q7. What famous poet of the next generation was born in the year 1688?
Q8. In what year were the famous essayists Joseph Addison and Richard Steele both born?
Q9. Which playwright began writing for the stage in 1693, becoming the most brilliant of the Restoration comedy group?
Q10. In what year did James II become King before being deposed in the Revolution?

▶ Page 112 - Table of Events (Part 4)

Q1. According to the table, when did John Vanbrugh begin to write for the stage?
Q2. In what year did Jeremy Collier publish his 'Short View of the Profaneness and Immorality of the English Stage'?
Q3. What work did John Dryden publish in 1699, shortly before his death?
Q4. When did George Farquhar begin to write for the stage?
Q5. In what year did John Dryden die, marking the end of his era?

▶ Page 113 - The Age of Pope (Moral Regeneration)

Q1. What period of time does 'The Age of Pope' cover?
Q2. Despite coarse manners and corrupt politics, what did the early 18th century witness a resolute attempt toward?
Q3. What did the reception of Collier's 'Short View' clearly prove about the people of this era?
Q4. Which class of writers was most strongly influenced by moral considerations and the desire for improvement?
Q5. While revolting against Restoration profligacy, what were the men of Pope's era still hostile to?
Q6. Because they were hostile to Puritan zeal, what did England fail to recover even as it regained moral ground?
Q7. What mood did the men of Pope's era fall into due to their dread of emotional excesses?
Q8. How did they view emotional excesses compared to the moral excesses of the roysterers?
Q9. What was the focus of the literature that emanated from the middle-class writers of this half-century?
Q10. How did the general tone of society remain during the early 18th century, despite the attempt at moral regeneration?

▶ Page 114 - Rationalism in the Age of Pope

Q1. During the Age of Pope, any manifestation of earnestness, even in the pulpit, was regarded as dangerously suggestive of what?
Q2. What became the 'idol of the time'?
Q3. What were the prevailing principles in the field of religion during this era?
Q4. In the great Deistic controversy, what did the Deists advocate for?
Q5. What was common to both the Deists and the orthodox defenders of Christianity?
Q6. How did the greatest preachers of this era seek to reach their listeners?
Q7. How was religion generally conceived during this time?
Q8. How does the text describe the literature of the age, reflecting the same rationalistic temper?
Q9. What were simplicity and spontaneity sacrificed for in the poetry of this era?
Q10. What were the limits of poetry during this age?

▶ Page 115 - The Classic/Augustan Age

Q1. What two alternative names are sometimes given to the Age of Pope?
Q2. What does the epithet 'classic' denote regarding the models and standards of this age?
Q3. In a more general way, what does 'classic' denote regarding their faith in genius?
Q4. How did Walsh concisely express the principle of classicism to Pope in 1706?
Q5. In his 'Essay on Criticism', Pope wrote: 'Those Rules of old discover'd, not devis'd, / Are Nature still, but Nature _________.'
Q6. According to Pope, to copy Nature is to copy what?
Q7. Why was the epithet 'Augustan' originally applied to this age as a term of high praise?
Q8. How does the text suggest we still use the term 'Augustan' today, even if we no longer view it as a 'golden age'?
Q9. In both the English Augustan age and the Latin Augustan age, upon whom were men of letters largely dependent?
Q10. The literature produced by this thoroughly artificial society was a literature of what?

▶ Page 116 - Characteristics of the Classical School

Q1. Which of the following is NOT a salient feature of classical poetry as outlined in the text?
Q2. What kind of 'world' is classical poetry almost exclusively made out of?
Q3. Classical poetry is almost entirely wanting in all those elements which we sum up under what epithet?
Q4. A hatred of the 'romantic' in literature was the logical accompaniment of a hatred of what in religion?
Q5. How did the critical taste of the time view the 'ruder' masters of our older literature (like Chaucer, Spenser, and even Shakespeare)?
Q6. The critical taste of this era was especially hostile to everything that belonged to which historical period?
Q7. Extreme devotion to form and a love of superficial polish led to the establishment of what?
Q8. What happened to classical embroidery during this time?
Q9. What disappeared before the growth of a false conception of poetic style?
Q10. What did romanticism and enthusiasm cut across according to the accepted notions of the Age of Pope?

▶ Page 117 - Poetic Diction and Alexander Pope's Early Life

Q1. What happened to language when the classic poet undertook to refashion the crude stuff of an old ballad?
Q2. Who would later enter an emphatic protest against this 'gaudiness and inane phraseology'?
Q3. What form did classic poetry adhere to as the only possible form for serious work in verse?
Q4. While the closed couplet's epigrammatic terseness lent itself admirably to the popular poetry of the time, what was its major flaw?
Q5. Who was the greatest master of this classic school?
Q6. In what year was Alexander Pope born?
Q7. Why was Pope excluded from public schools and universities?
Q8. Because of his haphazard education, what is apparent in Pope's work?
Q9. What enabled Pope to buy a house at Twickenham in 1719?
Q10. How are Pope's relations with his contemporaries described in literary history?

▶ Page 118 - Pope's Early Works and Masterpiece

Q1. How should our judgment upon Pope's extreme irritability and peevishness be tempered?
Q2. Into how many periods does Pope's poetic career naturally fall?
Q3. In Pope's poem 'Windsor Forest', what is easy to perceive about the classic school?
Q4. Which remarkable early poem by Pope is 'all stolen' (lacking fresh thought) but puts standard critical ideas into wonderfully terse, quotable verse?
Q5. What poem may safely be called Pope's masterpiece?
Q6. What real-life incident was 'The Rape of the Lock' founded upon?
Q7. Pope defines 'The Rape of the Lock' as 'heroi-comical'. What is a better term to call it?
Q8. How does 'The Rape of the Lock' differ from the humor in Butler's 'Hudibras'?
Q9. What is the essence of this particular kind of parody (the Mock Epic)?
Q10. What does the general flippancy and cynical attitude towards women in 'The Rape of the Lock' show us about Pope's age?

▶ Page 119 - Pope's Homer and Later Satires

Q1. What major translations represent the labours of Pope's second period?
Q2. Did Pope's translation of Homer accurately capture the spirit of the original Greek?
Q3. What kind of version did Pope's public actually want?
Q4. As Gibbon afterwards said, Pope's translation has every merit except what?
Q5. After publishing his Homer, what kinds of poetry did Pope almost wholly confine himself to?
Q6. Which poem contains the famous character-study of Addison under the name of 'Atticus'?
Q7. What makes the 'Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot' specially valuable?
Q8. What is 'The Dunciad'?
Q9. Where is the inspiration for 'The Dunciad' to be sought?
Q10. Why does 'The Dunciad' lose much of its point for the modern reader despite being extremely clever?

▶ Page 120 - Pope's Essay on Man and Legacy

Q1. In 'Essay on Man', Pope undertakes a defense of the moral government of the universe on what optimistic postulate?
Q2. Why is 'Essay on Man' hopelessly confused and self-contradictory?
Q3. Despite not being useful as a philosophical treatise, why is 'Essay on Man' still famous?
Q4. What is the modern critical view of Pope as a poet?
Q5. However, what was Pope the very embodiment of?
Q6. What writing style assumed perfection in Pope's hands?
Q7. After Shakespeare, what distinction does Pope hold among English poets?
Q8. Who wrote the line: 'A little learning is a dangerous thing.'?
Q9. Who wrote the line: 'And fools rush in where angels fear to tread.'?
Q10. Who wrote the line: 'To err is human, to forgive divine.'?

▶ Page 121 - Other Poets of Pope's Era

Q1. Who wrote the famous line: 'The proper study of mankind is man.'?
Q2. How did Pope alter the classic couplet compared to Dryden?
Q3. How did other poets who used the couplet treat Pope's perfected model until the early 19th century?
Q4. Which poet takes precedence in time even of Pope, known for light society verses and an imitation of Hudibras called 'Alma'?
Q5. Which intimate friend of Swift and Pope wrote 'Fables' and the mock-pastoral series 'The Shepherd's Week'?
Q6. What humorous description of the London streets did John Gay write?
Q7. What was John Gay's immensely popular travesty of Italian opera that took the 'Town' by storm?
Q8. Who wrote the gloomy and unwholesome poem 'Night Thoughts'?
Q9. How does the text describe Edward Young personally?
Q10. How is 'Night Thoughts' characterized in the text?

▶ Page 122 - The Age of Pope (Minor Works)

Q1. Which poet of the 'churchyard' school wrote the sombre production 'The Grave'?
Q2. What is historically significant about Robert Blair's poem 'The Grave'?
Q3. Who wrote the early descriptive poem 'The Chase', which is another specimen of blank verse?
Q4. What is the title of the mock-heroic satire on the Society of Apothecaries written by Sir Samuel Garth?
Q5. According to the footnote, what period is roughly covered by the terms 'Classic Age' and 'Augustan Age'?

▶ Page 123 - Daniel Defoe's Early Life

Q1. Who is the first of the chief prose writers of Pope's age discussed in chronological order?
Q2. What was the profession of Daniel Defoe's father?
Q3. Which of the following is NOT one of the many varied careers/roles Defoe held during his adventurous life?
Q4. As a born journalist and pamphleteer, roughly how many publications is Defoe said to have written?
Q5. How did Defoe choose the subjects he wrote about?
Q6. Despite his market-driven journalism, what did Defoe avowedly aim to be?
Q7. What does Defoe mainly owe his importance in literature to?
Q8. Before writing his famous novels, what kind of works had Defoe been busy manufacturing for years?
Q9. How were these early 'biographies' by Defoe written?
Q10. At what age did Defoe enter upon a new phase of his career by writing prose fiction?

▶ Page 124 - Defoe's Fiction and Legacy

Q1. What famous book did Defoe publish to take the short step from writing biographies with real names to biographies with fictitious names?
Q2. Which of the following is NOT a work of fiction produced by Defoe after the success of Robinson Crusoe?
Q3. Why must Defoe's 'Journal of the Plague Year' be classed as fiction?
Q4. How did Defoe present his made-up stories to the public?
Q5. How does Sir Leslie Stephen best describe Defoe's fictitious biographies?
Q6. Because Defoe's fictions were thrown into biographical form, what was no attempt made toward?
Q7. To give his inventions the air and semblance of truth, how did Defoe tell his stories?
Q8. What outstanding feature is universally recognized in Defoe's fiction?
Q9. What type of style lent itself admirably to Defoe's realistic purpose?
Q10. While his great importance is universally admitted, what is there some dispute about regarding Defoe?

▶ Page 125 - Jonathan Swift's Life

Q1. Who is described as 'by far the most powerful and original genius of his age'?
Q2. Where was Jonathan Swift born?
Q3. To whom did Swift become confidential secretary in 1689 at Moor Park?
Q4. When preferred to the Deanery of St. Patrick's, Dublin, in 1714, what cause did Swift espouse?
Q5. What physical ailment plagued Swift for many years, eventually leading to his mind giving way in 1736?
Q6. Besides his mental disease, what else contributed to Swift's ferociously pessimistic temper and bitterness of spirit?
Q7. Who was the most important woman in Swift's life (whose death in 1728 was a blow from which he never recovered)?
Q8. What document is a wonderful revelation of the real tenderness concealed in Swift's fierce and domineering nature?
Q9. What style of writing was Swift a master of?
Q10. What was Swift's special field, and what was his favorite instrument?

▶ Page 126 - Swift's Satires

Q1. How does Swift use irony in his 'Argument to prove that the Abolishing of Christianity... may be attended with Some Inconveniences'?
Q2. Which satire grew out of a controversy concerning the respective merits of ancient and modern literatures?
Q3. What describes 'The Battle of the Books'?
Q4. Which book, containing the essence of Swift's thought and style, was designed to champion the Protestant Church and exhibit corruptions of modern Christianity?
Q5. In 'A Tale of a Tub', what do the three brothers Peter, Martin, and Jack represent respectively?
Q6. Though Swift said the aim of 'A Tale of a Tub' was to reconcile divinity with wit, what is the general impression left by the terrific satire?
Q7. Which of Swift's works stands apart because it is enduringly popular with the general public (like Robinson Crusoe) rather than just students?
Q8. Are the purpose and spirit of 'Gulliver's Travels' actually different from the rest of Swift's writings?
Q9. Which of the following works was published in 1704?
Q10. How does Swift attack the free-thinkers and insincere professors of current religion in his essay on 'the Abolishing of Christianity'?

▶ Page 127 - Swift's Gulliver's Travels and Addison & Steele

Q1. In which part of Gulliver's Travels is the infinite littleness of man exposed?
Q2. In which part does Gulliver become a pigmy?
Q3. Who are the philosophers and projectors attacked by Swift? In the Voyage to:
Q4. What is the race of wretched creatures doomed to immortality in Swift's work?
Q5. In which part does Swift tear away all the accessories of civilization?
Q6. Swift was a profound...
Q7. Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele are associated with their collaboration in...
Q8. Where did Addison and Steele first meet as boys?
Q9. Who was Chief Secretary for Ireland and for a year Secretary of State?
Q10. Who went into the army and threw himself into politics with characteristic ardour?

▶ Page 128 - Character and Works of Addison and Steele

Q1. How does the text describe Steele's character?
Q2. Which of the following describes Addison's character?
Q3. Addison's famous poem written to celebrate the victory at Blenheim is...
Q4. Who founded The Tatler?
Q5. When did The Spectator begin?
Q6. How many essays does The Spectator contain in its complete form?
Q7. How many essays did Addison write for The Spectator?
Q8. The ethical method of Addison and Steele set out to break down the profligate tradition of...
Q9. Addison and Steele also opposed the fanaticism and bigotry of...
Q10. Instead of sweeping condemnations, Addison and Steele wrote...

▶ Page 129 - The Spectator's Impact and Character Writing

Q1. What did Addison and Steele use to score most in advocating decency?
Q2. In addition to a moral aim, Addison and Steele wrote with what other aim?
Q3. Addison published eighteen papers in The Spectator on which famous work?
Q4. To which specific group did Addison and Steele address themselves directly to extend intellectual life?
Q5. Which famous club is depicted in The Spectator?
Q6. Who is the eccentric and delightful Tory squire in The Spectator?
Q7. Satirists in verse and prose had been cultivating 'character writing' taking models from...
Q8. In the hands of Addison and Steele, the seventeenth-century character study became...
Q9. The scenes from the life of Sir Roger in The Spectator are often considered...
Q10. Post-Restoration literature had commonly employed wit in the service of...

▶ Page 130 - Other Prose Writers and Drama

Q1. Who is the author of the clever satire 'The History of John Bull'?
Q2. 'The History of John Bull' created the traditional type of the true-born...
Q3. Who declared he would burn his Gulliver's Travels if the world possessed a dozen Arbuthnots?
Q4. Which of Pope's friends wrote on politics and philosophy in an agreeable but showy style?
Q5. Who was the lively hero of the second version of Pope's Dunciad?
Q6. Which philosopher's 'Characteristics' popularized the optimism later expressed in the Essay on Man?
Q7. Who wrote 'Principles of Human Knowledge'?
Q8. Who wrote the 'Analogy of Religion'?
Q9. Which tragedy by Addison attempted to introduce the French School drama to the English stage?
Q10. How are the characters in Addison's 'Cato' described?

▶ Page 131 - Sentimental and Domestic Drama

Q1. The comedy of the time determined to purify itself from the licentiousness of...
Q2. Which dramatist's constant coarseness does not hide his moral intentions?
Q3. Who wrote 'The Constant Lovers'?
Q4. Steele became the founder of which kind of play?
Q5. Steele's plays were heavily over-weighted with...
Q6. Who experimented with establishing a 'domestic drama' in tragedy?
Q7. Which of the following is a work by George Lillo?
Q8. The characters and incidents of 'domestic drama' were taken from...
Q9. George Lillo's didactic stress can be traced directly to his...
Q10. Strong reactions in the drama of this period illustrate the general truth that they always tend to...

▶ Page 132 - Timeline of the Age of Pope

Q1. When did Steele publish 'The Tender Husband'?
Q2. When were Pope's Pastorals published?
Q3. When did Berkeley publish 'Principles of Human Knowledge'?
Q4. When did Pope publish 'Essay on Criticism'?
Q5. When did Shaftesbury publish 'Characteristics'?
Q6. Pope's 'The Rape of the Lock' was published in...
Q7. Arbuthnot's 'History of John Bull' and Addison's 'Cato' were both published in...
Q8. When did Defoe publish 'Robinson Crusoe, Part I'?
Q9. Who wrote 'Universal Passion (satires)' in 1725?
Q10. Swift's 'Gulliver's Travels' was published in...

▶ Page 133 - Timeline Continuation and Character Writing

Q1. When did Pope publish 'Moral Essays'?
Q2. Lillo's 'The London Merchant' was published in the same year as the death of...
Q3. Pope's 'Essay on Man' was published in...
Q4. Who wrote 'The Grave' (1742)?
Q5. What major work did Butler publish in 1736?
Q6. When did Pope die?
Q7. When did Swift die?
Q8. Footnote 13 mentions 'The Characters of Sir Thomas Overbury'. What form of writing is this?
Q9. Who wrote 'Characters of Virtues and Vices'?
Q10. Who wrote 'Microcosmographie'?

▶ Page 134 - The Age of Johnson (1745-1798)

Q1. The Age of Johnson spans the years...
Q2. The men of Pope's time had settled down into formalism, taking as their guiding principle the rule of...
Q3. How is the atmosphere of the lives and writings of the Augustan era described?
Q4. Pope's ridiculous optimism expresses the easy-going mood of a...
Q5. Whose kindly but thin and superficial social criticism reveals the same temper in a different form?
Q6. Who struck a discordant note with fierce misanthropy?
Q7. The new generation reacted against the smug self-complacency, chilliness, and...
Q8. The new generation began to crave something more...
Q9. They awoke to a sense that there were many things undreamt of in the shallow philosophy of the...
Q10. The men of Pope's time dreaded...

▶ Page 135 - Renaissance of Feelings and Humanitarianism

Q1. What is considered the one capital fact in the history of the transition period?
Q2. In Pope's time, religion partaking of the general tendencies of society had been...
Q3. The great evangelistic revival was led by...
Q4. The preachers of the preceding age sought rather to convince by argument than to move by...
Q5. The discourses of the earlier preachers had been characterized by...
Q6. The evangelists made their appeal directly to the...
Q7. The immense success of which musical work in 1743 was an index of the coming change?
Q8. A natural accompaniment of this revival in religion was a widening sympathy with...
Q9. What movement showed increasing vigor against the brutality and callousness of society?
Q10. All these changes were aspects of one great comprehensive movement: the rapid growth of...